Abstract:
Literary type is one of literary sciences that studies literary texts from point of view of categorizing literary genre. In recent centuries, in addition to categorizing literary genres, many other topics like source, transformation, blending, birth and death and the importance of literary genres are arising in knowledge of literary genres. In this research, new poetry of five contemporary poets (Nima, Shamloo, Akhavan, Sohrab, Forugh) is analyzed and described from the point of view of historical evolution and improvement, of sociology of genres, of relation of literary genres with poet's gender. We have studied literary genres in two different perspectives "Aristotle's poetics" and "poetic storytelling"; on the one side teaching, epic and lyric genres and metamorphosis of poetry and its blending with drama and story genres on the hand side show us the basic of these two perspectives. Folklore genre that is close to Aristotle's poetics from the point of view of content and close to poetic storytelling from a structural point of view, is considered as an independent genre. Analyzing and describing genres reveal that literary genres are not constant and absolute phenomena and must be considered as temporal and based situation works. Some of formal and content features of epic genre has been changed so that this genre needs to be redefined. In addition to new themes in lyric genre, the personal "Self" of poet take a global and typical version making the dimension of this genre wider. The teaching genres is marginalized in contemporary literature and take different roles; so that we do not see the trace of this dominant genre whose purpose is to teach and educate, except that its commitment has been changed under the influence of western thoughts. Shamloo and as a result of him, Forugh, by reviving and versing childish folk poetries, started a new movement on domain of Persian language and literature that deserve to be noteworthy in its own situation. Rethinking and reinventing of contemporary poets and above all of them, Nima, in areas such as plan and plate… provide the basis of compilation of poem with drama and story genres… whose result is genesis of modern types of literary genres.
 

Abstract:
Motif one of the new literary criticisms terms in Which in Persian translate it as Bon-Mayeh, Naqsh-Mayeh or Dorun-Mayeh. Motif can also be defined as an element, event, idea, subject, and theme that repeated in the whole literature or the whole Somebody’s works or especial work. Since each stylish writer has had his or the own thought particularly especial one, by investigating his/ her works we can delve into the writer’s mental world and pinpoint the repeated elements of his or her enterprise. One of the writers’ works is a regional motif. This means that writer stake advantage of whatsoever around them in their works. One of the most important regions in our country is the southern one. In this thesis, the writer tried to survey the regional motif in the work of some proponent writers such as Ahmad Mahmud. Adnan Qoraifi and Moniru Ravanipur. Besides, the author tried to environment and geographical space from their works. The survey showed that these writers consciously or sub- consciously made use of the south regional elements in their works repeatedly such as warm and humid weather, sea, oil, trees and etc. Since the above – mention writers lived in the same and specific geographical region have lots of commonality in the case of using regional elements in their works.
 

Abstract:
Deviation is a technique that traditionally poets used to change repeat and vulgarity mode of usual and cliché language. After a while of using, language takes a cliché mode. In any era, a poet appears and furbishes literature and poetic language by using this technique. Also Saadi did this in seventh century and elevates Persian language by using different types of deviation. The purpose of this research is to study and analysis of deviation types in Bustan of Saadi that it is treated in two chapters. The first chapter: it is divided into three parts; the first part introduces literary theory of Russian formalism and the second part defines concepts and used expressions related to this theory such as: literature, defamiliarization, foregrounding, art design and the other expressions. In third part, we define deviation and study types of deviation with short examples of Bustan. The second chapter is divided into two parts. The first chapter studies shortly Saadi and Bustan. The second part that is the most important section of this research, studies types of deviation expressed in Bustan that Saadi elevates and differentiates his poetic language and literature by using these different types of deviation containing four types of phonetic, vocabulary, syntactic, semantic. In the last section of research, we define any kind of deviation types and give several examples of Bustan, and each of given verses is studied and analyzed.
 

Ode is one of the well-known Persian poetry styles and has been utilized in poetry from its initial boom like in Rudaki’s poems. This style was the dominant format of Persian poetry until the sixth century when it has been gradually replaced by other forms such as Sonnet. However, ode has been used alongside other formats since then. Many poems have been written in this format. Due to contemporary introduction of new formats less attention has been paid to it, nonetheless, Bahar inspired ode and revived it so that some have considered him as the last poem of ode style in Persian literature. But the reality is that even after Bahar, there have still been ode composers who have tested their fortune; which in turn makes the main concern of this thesis.
This research is organized in four chapters. In the first chapter generalities of the research have been introduced. In the second chapter, the literal definition of the term ode has been expressed followed by a brief on the evolution of poetry from Khorasani Ode style to the period of Bahar. Discussion on Bahar's odes has been expressed in third chapter which investigates the ode in his poetry. In the fourth chapter ode poetry from the time of Bahar till modern times has been investigated and it has been tried to study odes of other famous poems.
The results of this research show that ode is less attended and practiced contemporarily, however, it still exists in Persian poetry and poets have tried to express the contemporary issues by the capabilities of this format.