increasingly developing oil and gas industries within the industrial areas such as Abadan's has caused to produce environmental pollutants like heavy metals. This is a research –descriptive study which was conducted in the years 2106 and 2107 in Abadan industrial zone in order to measure the potent of Conocarpus erectus's leaf in absorbing such traces as copper, lead, chrome, cobalt , cadmium and zinc. The plants, in general, have a potential to absorb some pollutants via aerial organs, in particular leaf, and to store them in themselves. For this reason, the bio-monitoring found useful for estimating the amount of pollutants. In this research, nine stations were selected randomly for taking samples from different Abadan zones in the three seasons of March, June and September and five trees were randomly chosen in each station. To prepare the samples, the powder produced through drying the leaf, after burning into a furnace, was reduced to ashes, and then it was gone through acidic digestion. The obtained solution was placed into an atomic absorption spectroscopy instrument to analyze the traces. Then the amount of each of which was calculated. For statistical analysis and drawing the tables and diagrams, the SPSS and Excel were used. The results showed that the amount of absorption of elements like lead and chrome in summer is higher than in winter (p<0.05). Also, the elements such as copper, lead, cobalt, cadmium, and zinc have a significant difference in the different stations (p<0.05).The amount of absorption in the industrial areas was higher compared to the other areas. Given that results of the concentration of traces absorbed by Conocarpus erectus were less than the tolerable limit of hyper-accumulator plants , it can be used as a bio-monitoring to detect environmental pollutions.

 Mukaiyama reagent is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds that often used for the substitution of hydroxyl group of alcohols and carboxilylic acids with different nucleophiles.
As an extension of current program on the application of Mukaiyama reagent in the organic transformations, we report here a new procedure for the conversion of acids into primary amides using Mukaiyama reagent in the presences of potassium cyanate and pyridine as a base in acetonitrile under reflux condition. With this method different carboxylic acids with electron withdrawing group and electron donating group were converted into corresponding primary amides.
Also, possibility of conversion of primarily amides into nitriles in the presence of Mukaiyama reagent and different base was investigated but the reaction was unsuccessful and the corresponding product was not prepared

Mukaiyama reagent is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds. The most reports of this reagent is in the formation of ester and amide bonds.
In this project we synthesis N-alkylimidazole by using Mukaiyama reagent with mild and efficient procedure.
In the first section, we report a simple method for preparation of N-alkylimidazole using Mukaiyama reagent from alcohols and imidazole in the presences of t-BuOKin acetonitrile at 60 °C, and product was achieved with high efficiency in less time at optimum condition.
In the second part of this project, N-alkylimidazoleis synthesized from the reaction of epoxides with imidazole using Mukaiyama reagent in acetonitrileat 60 °C.
In two presented methods, products are obtained with high yields in very short reaction times while quaternization is avoided
 

 Mukaiyama reagent is a useful reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds that often used for the substitution of hydroxy group of alcohols and carboxylic acids with different nucleophile.
As an extension of current program on the application of Mukaiyama reagent in the organic transformations, here we report a new, mild, green and efficient procedure for the conversion of aldoximes into nitriles using Mukaiyama reagent in the presences of triethylamine in water at room temperature.
In the second part of this project, we also studied the use of Mukaiyama reagent/ Et3N system under the same optimum conditions of reaction of aldoxymes for the one-pot conversion of aldehydes into their corresponding nitriles.
In the third part, we report here that Mukaiyama reagent/ Et3N system is a highly effective reagent system for the Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes in acetonitrile at room temperature. This is the simple experimental procedure and mild reaction conditions for the conversion of ketoximes to amides.

The nitrosation of amines is one of the most important industrial processes in organic chemistry and is the subject of a large body of literature.
Mukaiyama reagent and N-bromosuccinimide are useful reagents for the synthesis of organic compounds that often used for the substitution of the hydroxy group of alcohols with different nucleophiles. As yet, the reports of using of these reagents in amine nitrosation and preparation of arylazides from aryl hydrazines have not been published. In this study, the mixture of Mukaiyama reagent/NaNO₂/wet SiO₂in n-hexane as a novel, convenient and heterogeneous reagent system was used for the nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines and conversion of arylhydrazines in to arylazides.
In the second part of this project, we also studied the use of NBS/NaNO₂/wet SiO₂reagent system under optimumconditions of Mukaiyama reagent for the nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines and preparation of arylazides from arylhydrazine. These reagents can be applied to a wide range of acid sensitive substrates in comparison with traditional reagents. Also, these reactions occur under mild,convenient and heterogenous conditions
 

Palladium complexes containing phosphorus ylides have high catalytic activity in C-C coupling reactions. In this project, we attempted to use phosphine- ylide palladium (II) complex as pre-catalyst in Ullmann-type homocoupling reaction of aryl halides and coupling of aryl halides with tiourea.
In the first part of the project, homocoupling reaction of aryl halides containing electron-withdrawing and electron donating groups, phenylboronic acids and phenylacetylene was invesstigated by using this palladium (II) complexes as catalysts without using any reducing agent under aerobic conditions. Initial attempts to carry the reaction in conventional organic solvents and thermal conditions in the presence of various bases were performed. The best result was obtained in the presence of NaOH as a base in DMF at 130°C. Under these reaction conditions, aryl iodides and bromides were converted to the corresponding biaryls in excellent yields.
In the second part of the project, the coupling reaction of thiourea with aryl halides in the presence of phosphine- ylide palladium (II) complex as catalysts under aerobic conditions was performed and the effect of same factors such as base, and solvent and temperature were studied. The best result was obtained when CS2CO3 as base, ethyl acetate as solvent was used at 60 ºC. with this method, N- aryl thioureas which have very applications in pharmaceutical and synthesis was prepared.

The nitration of aromatic compounds is one of the most important industrial processes and is the subject of a large body of literature.
In this study, the use of Mukaiyama reagent/NaNO2/wet SiO2 as a novel and convenient reagent was studied for the mono nitration of aromatic compounds.
In addition of using Mukaiyama reagent, we have studied the use of NBS/NaNO2/wet SiO2 reagent for this transformation.
These reactions occur under mild and environmentally safe conditions. These systems can be applied to a wide range of acid sensitive subsrates in comparison to traditional methods.