Housing today is not just about the concept of a shelter, but also an economic and political commodity, with a significant share of the household's cost. On the other hand, the housing sector accumulates an average of 15% of GDP. The housing sector in the oil exporting countries will receive the most outsider impact from the shock of oil revenues and then the growth of the exchange rate. Considering the importance of the issue, in this paper, the short-run and long-run effects of oil income shocks on the economic cycle of the Iranian housing sector using the self-explanatory method of Distributed Disturbance (ARDL) in the period of 1393- 1344 Been investigated. Also, in order to investigate the asymmetry of oil income shocks on the business cycle of housing, the dynamic equation was first estimated and then, using the parent test, oil income shocks asymmetry was investigated in the short run. The results of the model estimation showed that there is a meaningful relationship between oil revenue shocks and the business cycle of the housing sector, and depending on the type of shock (positive or negative), the mode of influence will vary. Also, in both short and long run, the impact of shock differs, and in the end, according to the results of the Wald test, as well as the estimation of the long-run relationship, the effects of oil shocks on the economic cycle of the housing sector Is asymmetric.

 The relationship between economic growth and income distribution is one of the most
important economic issues that has attracted the attention of many economists, especially
economists of development, and expressed their views on them. In the Iranian economy,
gaining the interconnection between economic growth and income distribution is of
paramount importance because of the importance that social justice issues have on the
basis of value, as well as the social sensitivities that exist in this field. With regard to
different and even contradictory views on the relationship between income dispersion and
economic growth inequality, this research tries to use the updated Iranian economy over
the period of 2013- 1970 to relate the distribution of income and economic growth with
The ARDL method is tested and tested. The results showed that inequality in distribution
of income on economic growth during the studied period had a negative and significant
effect. In other words, the increase in disparity in income distribution will reduce economic
growth in Iran. These results suggest that increasing inequality will lead the government to
pay more attention to distribution policies and target subsidies and transfer payments.

 The aim of this study is analysis the effect of labor productivity in agriculture, services and industry sectors on economic growth in Iran. This study uses the data during 1973-2011 which extracted from Central Bank, Statistical Center of Iran, Iranian National Productivity Organization, Macroeconomic office of Management and Planning Organization. This study uses the Mean years of employment to employee's education (as an indicator measuring human capital named H), spending of research and development (R & D) and the ratio of capital/labor (capital per capita) as explanatory variables addition to labor productivity in agriculture, services and industry sectors. It is used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for evaluating the long-term relationship between labor productivity and economic growth. The results of this study show that labor productivity in services and industry sectors has a positive effect on economic labor, but labor productivity in agricultural sector has no effect on economic growth in the long period

Achievement to the high rates of economic growth needed to understand the causes and potential of the economy. Age structure is a key factor based on growth theory point of view. Young or old population is an important factor in economic growth and short and long term socio-economic programs. In the survey of economic growth communities, age composition population is an important indicator. Educational programs, health and especially experts training, is designed according to the age composition of the population. Therefore, consideration the direction the age composition of the society move and the role the age structure would play in the economic growth is essential to the future of each country.
In this study, using the VAR method, we analyze the impact of age structure on the economic growth of Iran in the period 1357-1387 and then explained the results of this evaluation. Therefore, after specifying the model, we examined the stationarity of variables under consideration. Then, using the VAR procedure, we tried to capture the most appropriate and optimized model to fit the data under examination. Impulse response functions and variance decomposition of the estimated model show that the growth of life expectancy, growth of society share of 65 years old and older from all society and growth of society share of 30-64 years old from all society have a positive and meaningful effect on non-oil economic growth. In addition, growth of society share of 14 years old and younger from all society and growth of society share of 15-29 years old from all society have a negative effect on economic growth. In total, approximately 8% of the population structure variables can explain changes in economic growth, but the share of life expectancy in explaining changes in long-term economic growth is around 18.8%.

Growth and development in information and communication technology (ICT), is including the goal of developed and developing countries. One of the unique advantages of ICT is seen as an effective tool to improve gender equality, And since one of the issues related with regard to gender equality as an economic and social development in recent decades has been of great importance. Researchers had particular attention to the impact of ICT on gender inequality.
The purpose of this paper is to survey the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on gender inequality in selected developing and developed countries in the period of 2005-2012. Using Get Data software, data of the research is extracted from UNDP and the International Monetary Fund and world bank. Eviews 8 software is used for analyzing and estimating of models in this research. At First, stability of research variables were examined and then the model was estimated. In this study two variables were used: Gender Inequality Index that is a composite index, and the rate of female participation in the labor force. Two variables were considered as the alternative for ICT variables; The number of the Mobile cellular subscriptions and Telephone lines, and the number of Internet users per 100 persons.
According to the results, ICT has a positive impact on gender equality that means an increase an of ICT leads to a reduction of gender inequalities and an increase in women's participation in the labor market.
 

Oil is a strategic commodity in the world, which is considered as one of the main inputs of production. Therefore, fluctuation in oil prices, which is called oil shock (positive and negative) has numerous effects on the economies of both the oil exporter and importer countries. On the other hand, the economy of Iran which is based on an economic monoculture indicating that oil prices and incomes resulting from it, have acted as an exogenous factor in Iran. So, Iran is a country whose economy is based on oil, hence attention to the volatility of oil prices and its results on other macroeconomic variables such as exchange rates, has crucial importance. Instability, the volatility of the price for an asset, is a rate or index, which is usually defined as the variance or standard deviation. Changes in oil prices is one the important factors of economic crisis among oil-exporter and oil-importer countries and exchange rate is the channel for transferring the oil price shocks from the world oil market to the internal economy of the countries. In this study, using daily nominal price (five days per week) of heavy oil of Iran and unofficial exchange rates of Iran during 3 December 2007 and 7 December 2012, the GARCH, TGARCH and EGARCH methods are applied to examine the relationship between these two variables. According to the results, an increase in the growth rate of heavy oil price (Roilp) decreases the growth rate of the informal exchange rate in Iran. It means that with an increase in the growth rate of oil price, the value of the national currency of Iran would increase. According to the results of the first model, the optimal GARCH model, 10 percent increase in the price of heavy oil reduces 0/57 percent in the unofficial exchange rate. According to the optimal EGARCH model, 10 percent of the increase in the price of heavy oil reduces 0/44 percent of unofficial exchange rate. As a more appropriate model, a model with the fifth lag of the growth rate of exchange rate as an explanatory variable was estimated. The results of the optimal GARCH model show that a 10 percent increase in the growth of the heavy oil price reduces 0/60 percent in the growth of the unofficial exchange rate. As a result of TGARCH model,10 percent increase in the growth of the oil price reduces 0/66 percent of the growth in the unofficial exchange rate.

The issue of the capital market efficiency is one of the most important and most controversial issues during the past three decades in the financial literature. Today, the capital market in Developing countries has been regarded as a tool for increasing the rate of investment and economic growth. As the efficiency is the main and the most important feature of the capital market in every country, this issue has turned into one of the most controversial subjects in the field of financial and economic researches.
Over the recent half-century, the topic of capital market efficiency has been the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies. Since the efficiency of the capital market has been tested along with the growth of econometric models, the objective of this study is to focus on the efficiency of the Tehran Stock Exchange in weak form by using more sophisticated economic models.
In this research, the efficiency of the Tehran Stock Exchange at the weak form along with the examination of revenue of the index price of the enlisted firms in Tehran Stock Exchange by using ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M, EGARCH and GJR models, for the period of 1 Dec, 2008 to 2 Dec, 2013 was examined on a daily basis. The results showed that the Tehran Stock Exchange does not have efficiency in its weak form.
 

The banking sector plays a central role in development and economic growth, The relationship between banking sector development and economic growth appears to be essential. This study explores the effect of the savings bank sector development on economic growth is discussed. . Period studied, 2000-2011 Econometric methods are used, Generalized method of moments (Panel Data) for selected countries are Islamic. The results showed that the development of the banking sector and a significant positive effect on economic growth in the countries studied. The effect of the savings and business On economic growth is positive and significant. The effect of inflation on economic growth is negative

: Energy intensity is the real level of energy consumption per
production unit or activity and the mathematical definition of energy
intensity is the ratio between energy consumption and GDP. In this paper
we examine changes in aggregate energy intensity in Iran over the period
1346-85 using the Fisher Ideal Index method. The decomposition analysis
was performed in order to separate structural and intensity effects. It was
found that, the energy intensity effect in all years except 1376 was less than
one, and the aggregate energy intensity was highly dependent on the
changes in the energy intensity effect. Then we examined the impact of
K/L, energy price, PPP, Openness and GDP per capita on energy intensity
using the ARDL approach with Microfit.4 software. The results show that
the energy intensity reacts negatively to an increase in GDP pc and energy
price and reacts positively to an increase in PPP and K/L ratio.